āļ§ัāļāđāļāļāđāļĄ้āļ (Qing Ming ) āļĄีāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļāđāļืāļāļ 5 āļāļāļāļีāļ āļึ่āļāļāļ°āļāļĒู่āđāļāļ่āļ§āļāļāļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļāļ้āļāđāļืāļāļ āđāļĄāļĐāļēāļĒāļ āļāļāļāļุāļāļี āļ่āļāļāļ§ัāļāļิāļีāļāļ°āļĄีāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ°āļāļēāļāļŦāļĨุāļĄāļัāļāļĻāļāļāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļāļุāļĢุāļĐ āļŦāļĨัāļāļāļēāļāļั้āļāđāļāļ§ัāļāļิāļีāļāļ°āļĄีāļāļēāļĢāđāļ่āļāđāļŦāļ§้āļāļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļŦāļ§āļēāļāļāļēāļ§ āļี่āļŦāļĨุāļĄāļัāļāļĻāļ āđāļื่āļāđāļ็āļāļāļēāļĢ āļĢāļģāļĨึāļāļึāļāļุāļāļāļēāļĄāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļีāļāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļāļุāļĢุāļĐ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļ็āļāļāļēāļĢāļŠ่āļāļāļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđāļŦ้āļุāļāļี āđāļื่āļāļĄิāđāļŦ้āļāļāļāļĒāļēāļ āđāļĄื่āļāđāļāļāļĒู่āļีāļāļ āļāļŦāļึ่āļ āļāļāļีāļāļŠ่āļ§āļāđāļŦāļ่ āļāļ°āļŦāļĒุāļāļāļēāļāļĄāļēāļĢ่āļ§āļĄāļิāļีāļัāļ āļāļĢ้āļāļĄāļŦāļ้āļēāļāļĢ้āļāļĄāļāļē āļŦāļĢืāļāļืāļāļ§่āļēāđāļ็āļāļ§ัāļāļāļāļāļēāļิāļāļāļāļāļāļีāļāļ็āļ§่āļēāđāļ้
āđāļāļĻāļāļēāļĨ “āđāļāļāđāļĄ้āļ” āđāļ็āļāđāļāļĻāļāļēāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļāļģāļีāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļูāļāļēāļāļĢāļĢāļāļุāļĢุāļĐāļี่āļĨ่āļ§āļāļĨัāļāđāļāđāļĨ้āļ§āļāļāļāļāļēāļ§āļีāļ āļāļēāļĢāļูāļāļēāļāļĢāļĢāļāļุāļĢุāļĐ (Ancestor Worship) āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļ§้āļุāļāļ์ (Mourning) āļืāļāđāļ็āļāļิāļีāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļี่āļŠāļģāļัāļāļี่āļŠุāļāļิāļีāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŦāļึ่āļāļāļāļāļāļēāļ§āļีāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļิāļัāļิāļัāļāđāļāļĢ่āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠืāļāļĄāļēāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļัāļāļีāļāļ§āļāļāļāļุāļāļ§ัāļāļี้ āđāļĄ้āļ§่āļēāļāļēāļĢāđāļ§้āļุāļāļ์āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļูāļāļēāļāļĢāļĢāļāļุāļĢุāļĐāļāļ°āđāļ็āļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļื่āļāļั้āļāđāļิāļĄāļāļāļāļāļēāļ§āļีāļ āđāļ่āļ็āđāļ้āļĢัāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠ่āļāđāļŠāļĢิāļĄāļŠāļัāļāļŠāļุāļāļāļēāļ āļāļĢัāļāļāļēāļāļāļื้āļ
āļāļāļื้āļ āļืāļāļ§่āļēāđāļ็āļāļāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļีāļĒāļĄāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļีāļี่āļีāļāļēāļĄāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĨูāļāļัāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļัāļāļูāļāļāđāļ§āļีāđāļ่āļāļāļĢุ่āļāļŦāļĨัāļ āđāļ็āļāđāļāļāļēāļŠāļี่āļี่āļ้āļāļāļĨูāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļāļ°āļĄāļēāļāļāļāļ°āļัāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļีāļ็āđāļ็āļāđāļāļĢื่āļāļāļĢ้āļāļĒāļĢัāļāļู้āļāļāđāļāļŠัāļāļāļĄāđāļ้āļēāđāļ§้āļ้āļ§āļĒāļัāļ āļāļāļื้āļāļึāļāļĄāļāļāđāļāļĻāļāļēāļĨ “āđāļāļāđāļĄ้āļ” āđāļāđāļ่āļāļāļāļāļĢิāļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļāļŠัāļāļāļĄ āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§่āļēāđāļāđāļ่āļāļ ิāļāļĢัāļāļāļēāđāļĢื่āļāļāļีāļ§ิāļāļŦāļĨัāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļēāļĒ
āļี่āļĄāļē: āļŠāļุāļ!āļีāđāļีāļĒ
āļāļĪāļĐāļีāļิāļีāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļāļāļāļĢัāļāļāļēāļāļāļื้āļ
āļāļēāļĄāļāļĪāļĐāļีāļิāļีāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļāļāļāļĢัāļāļāļēāļāļāļื้āļ āļิāļāđāļāļāļāļāļāļāđāļĢāļēāļĄีāļุāļāļĨัāļāļĐāļāļ° 2 āļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļืāļ
“āļŠāļิāļัāļāļāļē” (Intellect) āđāļĨāļ° “āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļ์” (Emotion) āđāļĄื่āļāļāļāļี่āđāļĢāļēāļĢัāļāļāļēāļĒāļĨāļ āđāļĢāļēāļĢู้āļ้āļ§āļĒāļŠāļิāļัāļāļāļēāļ§่āļēāļู้āļāļēāļĒāđāļ้āļāļēāļĒāđāļāđāļĨ้āļ§ āđāļĨāļ°āļ็āđāļĄ่āļĄีāđāļŦāļุāļāļĨāđāļีāļĒāļāļāļāļี่āļāļ°āđāļื่āļāļ§่āļēāļ§ิāļāļāļēāļāļāļ°āļāļĒู่āđāļ็āļāļāļĄāļāļ° āļ้āļēāļŦāļēāļāđāļĢāļēāļāļģāļāļēāļĄāļŠāļิāļัāļāļāļēāđāļ่āđāļีāļĒāļāļāļĒ่āļēāļāđāļีāļĒāļ§āđāļĢāļēāļ็āđāļĄ่āļāļģāđāļ็āļāļ้āļāļāļāļģāļิāļีāđāļ§้āļุāļāļ์ āđāļ่āļิāļāđāļāļāļāļāđāļĢāļēāļ็āļĄีāļุāļāļĨัāļāļĐāļāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļ์āļāļĒู่āļ้āļ§āļĒ āļึ่āļāļāļģāđāļŦ้āđāļĢāļēāđāļิāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļ§ัāļāļ§่āļēāļāļāļี่āđāļĢāļēāļĢัāļāđāļĄื่āļāļāļēāļĒāđāļāđāļĨ้āļ§āļāļēāļāļāļ°āļāļĨัāļāļĄีāļีāļ§ิāļāđāļ้āļีāļ āļŦāļĢืāļāļ§่āļēāļ§ิāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāļāļāļ°āļĒัāļāļāļāļāļĒู่āļ่āļāđāļāđāļāđāļĨāļāļื่āļ
āļัāļāļั้āļāđāļĄื่āļāđāļĢāļēāļืāļāđāļāļēāļāļēāļĄāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļึāļāļัāļ āđāļĢāļēāļ็āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļ็āļāļāļāđāļื่āļāļืāļāđāļāđāļŠāļĒāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢ์āđāļĨāļ°āļāļิāđāļŠāļāļāļēāļĢāļิāļāļ้āļ§āļĒāļŠāļิāļัāļāļāļē āđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļāļ°āļั้āļāļŠิ่āļāļี่āđāļĢāļēāļĢู้āđāļĨāļ°āļŠิ่āļāļี่āđāļĢāļēāļŦāļ§ัāļāļึāļāđāļĄ่āđāļŦāļĄืāļāļāļัāļ āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢู้āđāļ็āļāļŠิ่āļāļŠāļģāļัāļ āđāļ่āđāļĢāļēāđāļĄ่āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļ°āļāļĒู่āđāļ้āļ้āļ§āļĒāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢู้āđāļีāļĒāļāļāļĒ่āļēāļāđāļีāļĒāļ§ āđāļĢāļēāļ้āļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļึāļāļāļāđāļāļāļēāļāļ้āļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļ์āļ้āļ§āļĒ
āļāļēāļĄāļัāļĻāļāļ°āļāļāļāļāļĢัāļāļāļēāļāļāļื้āļ āđāļĄื่āļāđāļĢāļēāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļิāļีāđāļ§้āļุāļāļ์ āļŦāļĢืāļ āļิāļีāļูāļāļēāđāļĢāļēāļŦāļĨāļāļāļัāļ§āđāļāļāđāļāļĒāļี่āđāļĢāļēāđāļāļāļ็āļĢู้āļัāļ§ āđāļ “āļŦāļัāļāļŠืāļāđāļŦ่āļāļิāļีāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ” āļāļāļื้āļāļāļĨ่āļēāļ§āļ§่āļē “āđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļี่āļĒāļ§āļ้āļāļāļัāļāļāļāļāļēāļĒ āļ้āļēāđāļĢāļēāļāļิāļัāļิāļ่āļāļู้āļāļēāļĒāđāļŦāļĄืāļāļāļัāļāļ§่āļēāđāļāļēāđāļ้āļāļēāļĒāđāļāļāļĢิāļāđ āļั่āļāļ็āđāļ่āļēāļัāļāļ§่āļēāđāļĢāļēāļāļēāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢัāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļูāļāļัāļāđāļāļึ่āļāđāļ็āļāļāļēāļĢāđāļĄ่āļŠāļĄāļāļ§āļĢ āļ้āļēāđāļĢāļēāļāļิāļัāļิāļ่āļāļู้āļāļēāļĒāđāļŦāļĄืāļāļāļัāļāļ§่āļēāđāļāļēāļĒัāļāļĄีāļีāļ§ิāļāļāļĒู่āļāļĢิāļāđ āļั่āļāļ็āđāļ่āļēāļัāļāļ§่āļēāđāļĢāļēāļāļēāļāļŠāļิāļัāļāļāļēāļึ่āļāļ็āđāļ็āļāļāļēāļĢāđāļĄ่āļŠāļĄāļāļ§āļĢāļีāļāđāļ่āļāļัāļ”
āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļ§่āļēāđāļĢāļēāđāļĄ่āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļ°āļāļิāļัāļิāļ่āļāļāļāļāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĄāļี่āđāļĢāļēāļĢู้āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĄāļี่āđāļĢāļēāļŦāļ§ัāļāļāļĒ่āļēāļāđāļāļāļĒ่āļēāļāļŦāļึ่āļāđāļีāļĒāļāļāļĒ่āļēāļāđāļีāļĒāļ§ āđāļ่āđāļĢāļēāļāļ§āļĢāļāļ°āļāļิāļัāļิāļ่āļāļāļāļāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĄāļี่āđāļĢāļēāļĢู้āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĄāļี่āđāļĢāļēāļŦāļ§ัāļāļ้āļ§āļĒāļั้āļāļŠāļāļāļāļĒ่āļēāļ
āđāļāļŦāļัāļāļŠืāļāļื่āļ “āļุāļāļื้āļ” āļāļāļี่āļ§่āļēāļ้āļ§āļĒ “āđāļĢื่āļāļāļĢāļēāļ§āđāļี่āļĒāļ§āļัāļāļิāļีāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ” (Treatise on Rites) āļุāļāļื้āļ āļŠāļēāļุāļĻิāļĐāļĒ์āļāļāļŠāļģāļัāļāļāļāļāļāļāļื้āļ āļāļĨ่āļēāļ§āļ§่āļē “āļิāļีāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļ็āļāđāļĢื่āļāļāļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļิāļัāļิāļ่āļāļีāļ§ิāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļēāļĒāđāļ็āļāļุāļāļŠุāļāļ้āļēāļĒ āļ้āļēāđāļĢāļēāļāļิāļัāļิāļ่āļāļุāļāđāļĢิ่āļĄāļ้āļāđāļĨāļ°āļุāļāļŠุāļāļ้āļēāļĒāļีāđāļĨ้āļ§ āļ§ิāļีāļāļēāļāļāļāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ็āļāļĄāļุāļĐāļĒ์āļ็āļāļ°āļŠāļĄāļูāļĢāļ์ āļ้āļēāđāļĢāļēāļāļิāļัāļิāļ่āļāļิāļāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļēāļ้āļ§āļĒāļี āđāļāļāļāļ°āļี่āļ่āļēāļāļĄีāļีāļ§ิāļāļāļĒู่ āđāļ่āļĄิāđāļ้āļāļิāļัāļิāļ่āļāļ่āļēāļāđāļĄื่āļāļ่āļēāļāļึāļāđāļ่āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĨāļ āļั่āļāļ็āđāļ่āļēāļัāļāļ§่āļēāđāļĢāļēāđāļŦ้āļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļēāļĢāļāļ่āļāļ่āļāđāļĄ่āđāļāļāļāļ°āļี่āļ่āļēāļāļĢู้āđāļ่āļēāļั้āļ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļ้āļĨāļ°āđāļĨāļĒāļ่āļēāļāđāļĄื่āļāļ่āļēāļāđāļĄ่āļĢู้
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The Qingming Festival
The Qingming Festival, Clear Bright Festival, Ancestors Day or Tomb Sweeping Day is a traditional Chinese festival on the 104th day after the winter solstice (or the 15th day from the Spring Equinox), usually occurring around April 5 of the Gregorian calendar. Astronomically it is also a solar term. The Qingming festival falls on the first day of the fifth solar term, named Qingming. Its name denotes a time for people to go outside and enjoy the greenery of springtime tend to the graves of departed ones.
The holiday is known by a number names in the English language:
- All Souls Day (not to be confused with the Roman Catholic holiday, All Souls Day, of the same name)
- Clear Bright Festival
- Ancestors Day
- Festival for Tending Graves
- Grave Sweeping Day
- Chinese Memorial Day
- Tomb Sweeping Day
- Spring Remembrance
Tomb Sweeping Day and Clear Bright Festival are the most common English translations of Qingming Festival. Tomb Sweeping Day is used in several English language newspapers published in Taiwan.
Origin
Qingming Festival originated from Hanshi Day (åŊéĢč, literally, Day with cold food only), a memorial day for Jie Zitui (äŧåæĻ, or Jie Zhitui, äŧåæĻ). Jie Zitui died in 636 BC in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was one of many followers of Duke Wen of Jin before he became a Duke. One time, during Wen's 19 years of exile, they didn't have any food and Jie prepared some meat soup for Wen. Wen enjoyed it a lot and wondered where Jie got the soup. It turned out Jie had cut a piece of meat from his own thigh to make the soup. Wen was so moved he promised to reward him one day. However, Jie was not the type of person who sought rewards. Instead, he just wanted to help Wen to return to Jin to become Duke. Once Wen became Duke, Jie resigned and stayed away from the Duke. Duke Wen rewarded the people who helped him in the decades, but for some reason he forgot to reward Jie, who by then had moved into the forest with his mother. Duke Wen went to the forest, but couldn't find Jie. Heeding suggestions from his officials, Duke Wen ordered men to set the forest on fire to force out Jie, however, Jie died in the fire. Feeling remorseful, Duke Wen ordered three days without fire to honour Jie's memory. The county where Jie died is still called Jiexiu (äŧäž, literally meaning the place Jie rests forever).
Qingming has a tradition stretching back more than 2,500 years. Its origin is credited to the Tang Emperor Xuanzong in 732. Wealthy citizens in China were reportedly holding too many extravagant and ostentatiously expensive ceremonies in honour of their ancestors. Emperor Xuanzong, seeking to curb this practice, declared that respects could be formally paid at ancestors' graves only on Qingming. The observance of Qingming found a firm place in Chinese culture and continued uninterrupted for over two millennia. In 1949 the Communist Party of China repealed the holiday. Observance of Qingming remained suppressed until 2008, when the Party reinstated the holiday.
Celebration
The Qingming Festival is an opportunity for celebrants to remember and honour their ancestors at grave sites. Young and old pray before the ancestors, sweep the tombs and offer food, tea, wine, chopsticks, joss paper accessories, and/or libation to the ancestors. The rites have a long tradition in Asia, especially among farmers. Some people carry willow branches with them on Qingming, or put willow branches on their gates and/or front doors. They believe that willow branches help ward off the evil spirit that wanders on Qingming. Also on Qingming people go on family outings, start the spring plowing, sing, dance, and Qingming is a time where young couples start courting. Another popular thing to do is fly kites (in shapes of animals or characters from Chinese opera). Others carry flowers instead of burning paper, incense or firecrackers as is common.
The holiday is often marked by people paying respects to those who died in events considered sensitive in China. The April Fifth Movement and the Tiananmen Incident were major events on Qingming that took place in the history of the People's Republic of China. When Premier Zhou Enlai died in 1976, thousands visited him during the festival to pay their respects. Many also pay respects to victims of the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989 and the graves of Zhao Ziyang and Yang Jia in areas where rights of free expression are generally recognized, as in Hong Kong; in most areas of China such observances are suppressed and all public mention of such subjects is taboo. In Taiwan the national holiday is observed on April 5 because the ruling Kuomintang moved it to that date in commemoration of the death of Chiang Kai-shek on April 5. The holiday is nevertheless observed in the traditional manner, with families gathering to honour their own ancestors, visit and maintain their family shrines, and share traditional meals.
Despite having no holiday status, the overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asian nations such as those in Singapore and Malaysia take this festival seriously; deep in heritage, rituals and strict decorum. Qing Ming in Malaysia is an elaborate family function or a clan feast (usually organized by the respective clan association) to commemorate and honour their late relations at grave site and their distant ancestry of China at home altar, clan temple or a makeshift altar in a Buddhist or Taoist temple. For the oversea community, Qing ming festival is very much a family heritage and at the same, a family obligation. The overseas Chinese see this festival as a time to reflect, honour and give thanks to their forefathers. The oversea Chinese normally visit the graves of their late relations at the nearest weekend of the actual date. According to the ancient custom, grave site veneration is only feasible 10 days before and after Qingming Festival. If the visit is not on the actual date normally veneration before Qingming is encouraged. Qingming Festival in Malaysia and Singapore normally started early in the morning, with the ancestral veneration at home altar- paying respect to the distant ancestors from China. This would be followed by visiting the graves of their close relations in the country. Some would take the extent of filial piety to visit the graves of their ancestors in mainland China. Traditionally, family will burn paper money (paper have imprint of money) and paper replica of some material good such car, maid, home, phone, and etc. In Chinese culture, even though a person died, he/she may still need all of these in the afterlife. There should always an even number of dishes put in front of the grave and a bowl of rice with incense stick upright. Then, family members start taking turn to bow before the tomb of the ancestors. Bowing will go in order, which starts with the most senior member of the family and so on. After the ancestor worship at the grave site, the whole family or the whole clan would be feasting the food and drinks they brought for the worship at the site or nearby gardens in the memorial park, signifying family reunion with the ancestors.
Hanshi, the day before Qingming, was created by Chong'er, the Duke Wen of the state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period. The festival was established after Chong'er accidentally burned to death his personal friend and servant Jie Zhitui (äŧäđæĻ) (or Jie Zitui) and Jie Zitui's mother. Chong'er ordered the hills they were hiding in set on fire in hopes that Jie Zitui would return to his service, but the fire killed Jie and his mother. On Hanshi, people were not allowed to use fires to heat up food, thus nicknaming it the Cold Food Festival. Eventually, 300 years ago, the Hanshi "celebration" was combined with the Qingming festival, but later abandoned by most people.
Source: wikipedia
Photos: google